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Pneumonia prevention
Up To Date — INTRODUCTION - The most common cause of pneumonia in the United States is the bacterium Streptococcus pneumoniae, or pneumococcus. The pneumococcal vaccine is the best way to prevent infection with pneumococcus. The influenza vaccine can also ...More…
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Influenza prevention
Up To Date — INFLUENZA VACCINE OVERVIEW - The most effective way to prevent influenza is by getting the influenza vaccine (the flu shot) as well as using simple infection control measures such as hand washing. Antiviral medications can also help prevent ...More…
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HIV and pregnancy
Up To Date — INTRODUCTION - The most common way for infants to acquire human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is from his or her mother during pregnancy, labor and delivery, and, to a lesser degree, through breastfeeding. This mother-to-child transmission of HIV ...More…
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Care after sexual assault
Up To Date — INTRODUCTION - Sexual assault is defined as any sexual act performed by one (or more) person on another without consent. It may include the use or threat of force. In some cases, the person does not give consent to have sex because he or she is ...More…
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Eye infections (conjunctivitis)
Up To Date — TYPES OF CONJUNCTIVITIS - There are four main types of conjunctivitis: bacterial, viral, allergic, and non-specific. Most cases of infectious conjunctivitis are viral in adults and children, however, bacterial conjunctivitis is more common in ...More…
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Preventing severe infection after splenectomy
Up To Date — INTRODUCTION - The spleen is an organ that removes damaged red blood cells from the blood stream. It also functions to protect the body against bloodstream infection by removing bacteria from the blood. If the spleen is surgically removed or does ...More…
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Food poisoning (food-borne illness)
Up To Date — INTRODUCTION - Microbial food-borne illness, or food poisoning, occurs commonly throughout the world. It is estimated that in the United States alone, more than 75 million episodes occur annually, resulting in approximately 5,000 deaths per year. ...More…
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General travel advice
Up To Date — INTRODUCTION - More individuals are traveling internationally now than ever before. International travel can lead to wonderful new experiences and lasting memories. Unfortunately, travel can also lead to health problems that range in severity ...More…
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Immunizations for travel
Up To Date — INTRODUCTION - Travel immunizations can help prevent many of the more serious travel-related health problems. It is important to plan ahead for these immunizations because most of them require four to six weeks to become effective. The ...More…
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Meningitis in children
Up To Date — INTRODUCTION - Meningitis is the medical term for inflammation of the tissues (meninges) that surround the brain and spinal cord. The inflammation is most commonly caused by a virus or a bacterium, which travels from an infection in another part ...More…
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Eye infections (conjunctivitis)
Up To Date — There are a number of treatments that can reduce the symptoms of allergic conjunctivitis. (See "Allergic conjunctivitis treatment" below). Allergic conjunctivitis treatment - There are a number of treatments available to treat the symptoms of .. ...More…
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West Nile virus infection
Up To Date — INTRODUCTION - West Nile (WN) virus is an infection that primarily affects birds. Humans and other animals can also become infected, usually after being bitten by a mosquito that previously bit an infected bird. WN virus is a seasonal epidemic in ...More…